This research examines the role of technoparks in Indonesia as innovation ecosystems that bridge academia and industry through Collaborative Knowledge Creation and the Pentahelix model. While technoparks are designed to integrate research, business, and government support, persistent challenges limit their effectiveness, including bureaucratic delays in Memorandum of Understanding/Memorandum of Action processes,...

Fragmentation between Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) and Global Standardization Frameworks (GSF) presents a critical barrier to advancing sustainable development, technological diffusion, and coherent international policy coordination. This paper investigates how harmonization between RIS and GSF can catalyze innovation while also addressing the risks of lock-in, inequity, and fragmentation. Drawing on...