This article presents a systematic and critical review of scholarly literature on war pollution and environmental ethics, tracing how ethical, legal, and scientific debates address environmental destruction in armed conflict. Using the PRISMA framework and Scopus as the primary database, a structured multi-stage search and screening process identified 435 peer-reviewed papers published between 1946 and 2025. Using VOSviewer-based bibliometric mapping, eight principal thematic clusters were identified: environmental protection and policy ethics; philosophical foundations of environmental ethics; war pollution and toxic exposure; climate change and sustainability; environmental education and values; governance and ethical decision-making; risk assessment and remediation; and interdisciplinary theoretical perspectives. Drawing on debates on slow violence, ecocide, planetary health, and potentially polluting war wrecks, the article proposes the Lawful Environmental Ethics Framework for Wartime Pollution (LEEF-WP), a six-pillar structure that links ethical principles to concrete legal obligations, institutional mechanisms, and post-conflict restoration responsibilities. A SWOT–TOWS analysis evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of LEEF-WP and situates it within current reform efforts in international humanitarian law, including constraints related to state sovereignty, political resistance, and the limits of the International Criminal Court. Overall, the review reframes war pollution as a central concern for environmental ethics, international humanitarian law, and planetary health, and argues that integrating robust environmental duties into wartime governance is an urgent moral and legal requirement in the Anthropocene.